分子毒理通路發現者PCR芯片
| 地區： | 上海 |
| 簡介： | 上海 |
| 提供商： | SABio |
| 服務名稱： | PCR 芯片 |
分子毒理通路發現者PCR芯片可用于研究與13個被藥物毒性激活的生物學通路中的370個關鍵基因的表達。在藥物處理后的細胞系或組織（肝臟）中進行這些基因的表達情況的檢測，可以找到該藥物誘導的毒理反應 ，包括編碼電子轉運鏈以及氧化磷酸化復合物組成蛋白的基因。了解這些機制可以幫助我們對藥物的化學結構進行修改來避免藥物的毒性反應，而不是完全地否定某個對疾病有治療或者預防作用的藥物。這張芯片上所有的毒性反應通路，可以是獨立的也可以是相互關聯的。例如，β-氧化導致脂肪變性，線粒體能量代謝解偶聯導致細胞的凋亡和壞死。影響活性氧代謝或細胞的氧化還原反應的藥物會引起氧化應急和抗氧化系統的相應。這些反應性的藥物可能在極端情況下通過活化DNA損傷信號以及DNA修復，細胞凋亡和壞死的信號通路，直接損傷DNA或者抑制DNA的修復。干擾蛋白質合成的過程，會引起內質網應激，激活未折疊的蛋白放映，上調熱休克蛋白和伴侶基因的表達。細胞色素P450以及其他第一階段的藥物代謝酶會在藥物抑制其化學修飾活性的情況下表達量升高。在更為嚴重的情況下藥物抑制脂肪酸和脂質代謝，包括膽汁淤積，脂質貯積癥以及磷脂質病。藥物對免疫系統細胞的毒性反應可以引起免疫抑制或者免疫毒性。利用實時定量PCR，研究者可以方便并且可信地對藥物的毒理反應通路相關的基因進行同時檢測。 Apoptosis: ABL1, AKT1, APAF1, BAD, BAK1, BAX, BCL2, BCL2L1 (BCL-X), BCL2L11, BID, BIRC3 (c-IAP1), CASP1 (ICE), CASP3, CASP7, CASP8 (FLICE), CASP9, CD40 (TNFRSF5), CD40LG (TNFSF5), CFLAR (CASPER), FADD, FAS (TNFRSF6), FASLG (TNFSF6), GADD45A, MCL1, TNF, TNFRSF10A, TNFRSF10B (DR5), TNFRSF1A, TNFSF10 (TRAIL), TP53, XIAP. Necrosis: ATP6V1G2, BMF, CCDC103, CD300LD, CLEC18A, COMMD4, CYLD, DEFB1, DPYSL4, EIF5B, FOXI1, GALNT5, GRB2, HOXA3, HSPBAP1, JPH3, KCNIP1, MAG, NUDT13, OR10J3, PARP2, PVR, RAB25, S100A7A, SPATA2, SYCP2, TMEM57, TNFAIP8L1, TNFRSF1A, TXNL4B. DNA Damage & Repair: APEX1, ATM, ATR, BRCA1, BRCA2, CDKN1A (p21CIP1/WAF1), CHEK1, CHEK2 (RAD53), DDIT3 (GADD153/CHOP), ERCC1, ERCC2 (XPD), ERCC3 (XPB), ERCC5, ERCC6, GADD45A, LIG4, MDM2, MGMT (AGT), MLH1, MSH2, OGG1, PARP1 (ADPRT1), PCNA, PRKDC, RAD51, TP53, XPA, XPC, XRCC1, XRCC5. Mitochondrial Energy Metabolism: ACLY, ACO1, ACO2, COX6B1, COX8A, CS, CYC1, DLD, DLST, FH, IDH1, IDH2, IDH3A, IDH3B, IDH3G, MDH1, MDH1B, MDH2, OGDH, SDHA, SDHB, SDHC, SDHD, SUCLA2, SUCLG1, SUCLG2, UCP1, UCP2, UCP3. Fatty Acid Metabolism (?-Oxidation): ACAA1, ACAA2, ACAD11, ACAD9, ACADL, ACADM, ACADS, ACADSB, ACADVL, ACAT1, ACAT2, ACOT1, ACOT12, ACOT6, ACOT7, ACOT8, ACOT9, ACOX1, ACOX2, ACOX3, BDH2, CPT1A, CPT1B, CPT2, CRAT, CROT, DECR1, ECHS1, EHHADH, GCDH, HADHA. Oxidative Stress & Antioxidant Response: AASS, CAT, CTSB, DHCR24, DUOX1, DUOX2, EPX, GPX1, GPX2, GPX3, GPX4, GPX5, GPX6, GPX7, IDH1, MPO, NQO1, NUDT1, NUDT15, PPP1R15B, PRDX1, PRDX2, PRDX6 (AOP2), SOD1, TPO, TXNIP, TXNRD2, UCP3. Heat Shock Response: CRYAA, CRYAB, DNAJA1, DNAJA2, DNAJA3, DNAJB1, DNAJB6, DNAJC3, DNAJC5, DNAJC6, HSF1 (TCF5), HSF2, HSP90AA1, HSP90AB1, HSP90B1 (TRA1), HSPA1A, HSPA1B, HSPA1L, HSPA2, HSPA4 (HSP70), HSPA5 (GRP78), HSPA8, HSPA9, HSPB1 (HSP27), HSPB2, HSPB6, HSPB8, HSPD1, HSPE1, HSPH1 (HSP105), TCP1. ER Stress & Unfolded Protein Response: AMFR, ATF4, ATF6, BAX, DDIT3, DERL1, EDEM1, EDEM3, EIF2AK3, ERN2, ERO1L, ERO1LB, FBXO6, GADD45A, HERPUD1, HTRA2, HTRA4, MBTPS1, MBTPS2, NPLOC4, NUCB1, OS9, PFDN5, SEC62, SEL1L, SELS, SERP1, SYVN1, UBE2G2, UBE2J2, UBXN4, VCP, XBP1. Cytochrome P450s & Phase I Drug Metabolism: CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C19, CYP2C9, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, CYP3A4, ESD, FMO2, FMO3, FMO4, FMO5, MAOA, MAOB. Steatosis: ACACA, ADK, ALDH2, AQP4, CD36, COMT, CYP2E1, CYP7B1, DNM1, ENO1, FAS, FASN, GPD1, HAAO, HADHB, KHK, LMNA, LPL, LY6D, MAPK8 (JNK1), MTTP, PCCA, PNPLA3, PPARA, RETN, SCD, SREBF1, SYT1, TFF3, VCP. Cholestasis: ABCB1, ABCB4, ABCC1 (MRP1), ABCC2 (MRP2), ABCC3 (MRP3), APOE, ATP8B1, CYP3A4, CYP7A1, DLAT, ESR1 (ERa), HLA-DRB1, ICAM1, IL10, IL1B, IL2, IL6, JAG1, MPO, NR1H4, NUP210, OSTALPHA, OSTBETA, PDYN, RDX, SLC10A1, TGFB1, TNF. Phospholipidosis: ABCB1 (MDR1), ALDH1A1, ASAH1, ASNS, CES2, CTSB, EPHX1, FABP1, FXC1 (TIMM10B), GSTM4, HPN, INHBE, LSS, MANBA, MLX, MRPS18B, NR0B2, POR, S100A8, SC4MOL, SERPINA3, SLC2A3, SLCO1A2, SMPD1, STBD1, TAGLN, UGT1A1, UGT2A1, UGT2B4, WIPI1. Immunotoxicity: ADH1C, AHR, AHSG, ALB, APOA5, APOF, C3, C9, CASP3, CD19, CD4, CD44, CD80, CD86, CD8A, CTSE, CYP1A1, CYP3A4, CYP3A4, EP300, F2, FABP1, FAS, GPT, GSTA3, HPX, HRG, HSPA5, IFNA1, IFNG, IL10, IL13, IL1A, IL1B, IL2, IL4, IL5, IL6, ITGAX, KLF1, LYZ, LYZ, METAP2, MKI67, NFKB1, NR5A2, PON1, POU3F3, PTGS2 (COX2), PTPRC, SOD1, TNF, TRIM10, UBQLN2. |
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