胰島素抵抗PCR芯片 可檢測參與脂肪組織非胰島素依賴型糖尿?。∟IDDM)相關機制的84個關鍵基因的表達。消化食物時,胰島素的釋放激活胰島素信號傳導和細胞對葡萄糖的攝取,實現碳水化合物和脂質的合成和儲存。胰島素抵抗可能在患者病危期發生,特別是在長期高熱量飲食之后,或者由其他風險因素造成。發生胰島素抵抗的患者由于血糖原因,會并發多種疾病,包括非胰島素依賴型糖尿?。∟IDDM)、II型糖尿病,及肥胖等代謝綜合征。胰島素抵抗是肥胖和NIDDM之間的關鍵環節,可能由脂肪組織、胰島、肝、骨骼肌之間的復雜調控網絡失調造成。脂肪組織通過釋放稱為脂肪因子的激素調節食品的攝入量,并調控碳水化合物和脂質代謝。肥胖時,脂肪組織會發生慢性炎癥,標志性的事件是炎性細胞因子的上調和白細胞浸潤;而炎癥反應的激活與胰島素抵抗有關。芯片包括胰島素和脂聯素信號通路相關的脂肪基因、通常在NIDDM中失調的基因、先天免疫和炎癥過程有關的基因,以及碳水化合物和脂質代謝過程中重要的酶和轉運蛋白相關基因。通過實時定量PCR的方法,研究者即能夠利用該芯片簡單可靠地同時檢測脂肪組織的胰島素抵抗機制相關的基因表達。
Insulin Signaling Pathway: AKT3, IGF1, IGF1R, IKBKB, INSR, IRS1, IRS2, MAP2K1 (MEK1), MAPK3 (ERK1), MAPK9 (JNK2), MTOR, PDE3B, PIK3CA (p110A), PIK3R1 (PI3K p85α), PPARGC1A (PGC-1α), PTPN1, RPS6KB1, SLC2A4 (GLUT4), SOCS3, SREBF1. Genes Involved in NIDDM: ADIPOQ, HK2, IKBKB, INSR, IRS1, IRS2, MAPK3 (ERK1), MAPK9 (JNK2), MTOR, PDX1 (IPF1), PIK3CA (p110A), PIK3R1 (PI3K p85α), SLC2A4 (GLUT4), SOCS3, TNF. Adipokine Signaling Pathway: Ligands: ADIPOQ, IL6, LEP, NAMPT, RETN, SERPINE1 (PAI-1), TNF. Receptors/Transporters: ADIPOR1, ADIPOR2, CD36, LEPR, SLC2A4 (GLUT4), TNFRSF1A, TNFRSF1B. Downstream Signaling: AKT3, CHUK (IKKα), IKBKB, IRS1, IRS2, JAK2, MAPK9 (JNK2), MTOR, NFKBIA (IκBα/MAD3), PPARA, PPARGC1A (PGC-1α), RELA, SOCS3, STAT3. Innate Immunity: CASP1 (ICE), CHUK (IKKα), IKBKB, IRS1, IRS2, NLRP3, NFKBIA (IκBα/MAD3), PYCARD (TMS1/ASC), RELA, TLR4. Inflammation: ALOX5, CASP1 (ICE), CCL2 (MCP-1), CCR4, CCR5, CHUK (IKKα), CXCR4, IFNG, IKBKB, IL1B, IL23R, IL6, IL8, LTA4H, NLRP3, OLR1, PYCARD (TMS1/ASC), RELA, TNF, TNFRSF1A, TNFRSF1B. Apoptosis: PPARG, SERPINE1 (PAI-1), TNF, CASP1 (ICE), IKBKB, IRS2, MAPK9 (JNK2), NFKBIA (IκBα/MAD3), NLRP3, PYCARD (TMS1/ASC), RELA, TNFRSF1A, JAK2, PIK3CA (p110A), SOCS3, RPS6KB1, TNFRSF1B. Metabolic Pathways: Carbohydrate Metabolism: CS, HK2, PCK1, PDK2. Lipid Metabolism: ACACA, ACACB, ACSL1, ACSL4, APOE, CEBPA, CNBP, FABP4, FASN, LEPR, LIPE, LPL, PPARA, PPARG, PPARGC1A (PGC-1α), SCD, SREBF1, SREBF2. Metabolite Transport: APOE, CD36, FABP4, RBP4, SLC2A4 (GLUT4), SLC27A1, UCP1,VLDLR. Infiltrating Leukocyte Markers: Macrophages: CCR5, CXCR4, EMR1. Th1 Cells: CCR5, CD3E, CXCR3, IL18R1. Th2 Cells: CCR4, CD3E, CRLF2 (TSLPR), IL1R1. Th17 Cells: CCR6, CD3E, IL23R. | ||||||||||||||||